On September 11, 2001 the American people were confronted with a cataclysmic shock; terrorists were able to

After the atrocities of the two world wars in the 20th century, most nations condemned torture and

Nov. 2001: U.S. Department of Justice “legalizes” nonconsensual experiments Experimenting on prisoners of war is explicitly prohibited

After September 11, 2001, the C.I.A. ignored its own 1989 conclusions that torture is not an effective

The primary argument that officials in the Bush administration made in defense of their authorization for the

The Office of Legal Counsel was established to serve as the “constitutional conscience” of the Justice Department:

In December 2001, a small group of professors and law enforcement and intelligence officers gathered outside Philadelphia

 Al Qaeda were labelled “unlawful enemy combatants.” President Bush effectively denied prisoners in the War on Terror

Feb. 2002: President Bush Executive Order authorizes JTF-170 GTMO Intelligence Corps. Guantanamo Bay Detention Center opens (Jan.

Katherine Eban, in her extraordinary report Rorscharch and Awe in Vanity Fair (2007), unmasked the fabricated lie