1947–1953: Project CHATTER
1947–1953: U.S. Navy Project CHATTER focused on identifying and testing drugs for interrogations and recruitment of intelligence agents. CIA Mind Control
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1947: Prisoners Were Fed Hepatic Liver and Hepatic Feces In Hepatitis Experiment
John Neefe and Joseph Stokes, Jr. conducted a hepatitis experiment in which prisoners in New Jersey State Prison were fed hepatic liver and hepatic feces. “The authors describe the blending of hepatic liver and hepatic feces in a Warring Blender to create “liver suspension in sterile beef heart infusion broth”…
1942: The American Psychiatric Association debated legalizing murder (euthanasia)
In 1942, psychiatrists debated legalizing murder (“euthanasia”) at the American Psychiatric Association. Foster Kennedy, MD, advocated killing “feebleminded” “defective” children whom he called “Nature’s mistakes” “hopeless ones who should never have been born.” (Jay Joseph. The Missing Gene… 2006) He opposed euthanasia for normal, but severely ill adults. Dr. Leo…
1966: “Ethics and Clinical Research”
1966: Animal Welfare Act establishes ethical use of laboratory animals in research. There is no law protecting human research subjects from unethical experimentation. 1966: Henry Beecher’s article “Ethics and Clinical Research” in New England Journal of Medicine identified 50 unethical clinical studies. But it would be eight years before a…
1948: The CIA begins its secret study of LSD
The CIA begins its secret study of LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) purchased from Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, as a potential weapon for use by American intelligence. The CIA in consultation with Sandoz explored LSD’s possible defensive and offensive uses. Both civilian and military human subjects were used, most without their knowledge. Read…
1951–1974: Dr. Albert Kligman’s “supermarket” variety of experiments at Holmesburg Prison
From the 1950s through the 70s Holmesburg Prison became the “supermarket” or “kmart” for human medical experiments conducted by Dr. Albert Kligman, a University of Pennsylvania dermatologist. Under his direction hundreds of painful experiments were conducted involving nearly 1,000 inmates. He recalled his first visit to the prison: “All I…
1955–1963: Dark Side of Salk Polio Vaccine
Scientific evidence existed showing the vaccine was contaminated with a cancer causing monkey virus — simian virus 40 (SV40) — but public health officials refused to take precautionary action. An estimated 98 million Americans received the Salk Polio vaccine. “Few back then grasped that these vaccines might also be a…