1950: Two-hundred female prisoners infected with viral hepatitis
1950: Dr. Joseph Stokes of the University of Pennsylvania deliberately infected 200 women prisoners with viral hepatitis. (Acres of Skin, 1998)
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1966: “Ethics and Clinical Research”
1966: Animal Welfare Act establishes ethical use of laboratory animals in research. There is no law protecting human research subjects from unethical experimentation. 1966: Henry Beecher’s article “Ethics and Clinical Research” in New England Journal of Medicine identified 50 unethical clinical studies. But it would be eight years before a…
1950–1952: DES a synthetic estrogen tested on pregnant women without their consent
DES (diethylstilbestrol) is a man-made form of estrogen which has proven to be very harmful to developing female fetuses in the womb. At the University of Chicago, every pregnant woman at the University’s Lying-In Hospital (1,646) was a test subject for a DES experiment without their knowledge or consent. Half…
1951–1974: Dr. Albert Kligman’s “supermarket” variety of experiments at Holmesburg Prison
From the 1950s through the 70s Holmesburg Prison became the “supermarket” or “kmart” for human medical experiments conducted by Dr. Albert Kligman, a University of Pennsylvania dermatologist. Under his direction hundreds of painful experiments were conducted involving nearly 1,000 inmates. He recalled his first visit to the prison: “All I…
Harvard-affiliated gene studies in China face federal inquiry
Harvard-affiliated gene studies in China face federal inquiry – Boston Globe. August 1, 2000. Harvard-affiliated gene studies in China face federal inquiry, by Deborah Nelson. Genetic research in China is booming. The biotech industry, in collaboration with scientists from America’s elite research centers & the U.S. government, is looking at…
1951: Pont-Saint-Esprit, France, sprayed with aerosolized LSD
1951: In August, a joint Army-CIA project (an offshoot of CIAs secret ARTICHOKE Project) secretly tested the aerosol use of LSD as a potential weapon. They sprayed LSD on the French village of Pont-Saint-Esprit causing an outbreak of delirium and insanity among its 500 inhabitants. CIA Pont-St. Esprit.
1961: Stanley Milgram “Obedience to Authority” experiments at Yale
Stanley Milgram, a Yale psychologist, conducted the first of a series of “Obedience to Authority” experiments shortly after the trial of Adolph Eichman, the Nazi criminal tried in Jerusalem for crimes against humanity. Eichman’s defense was, not guilty, claiming that he had merely followed orders. Milgram sought to learn the…