1954: Polio Vaccine
1954: Polio vaccine was tested on one million children aged six to nine. In April 1955 the vaccine was deemed “safe and effective” by NIH; the vaccine was hailed as a medical triumph of the 20th century.
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1964: SV40 Virus implanted into patients with cancer
A report by Dr. Fred Jensen, in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute describes an experiment performed in patients terminally ill with cancer. The researchers took tissue from the patients, exposed the tissue to SV40, then they implanted the infected tissue back into the patients. Result: these implants grew…
1958: Institutionalized children used as “canaries in the mines”
Institutionalized children continued to be used as “canaries in the mines” to test the safety of experimental vaccines for infectious diseases including, malaria, influenza, dysentery, and sexually transmitted diseases for twelve years Nuremberg. The experiments were conducted at academic institutions that received funding from the CMR was dedicated to wartime…
1966: Policies for the Protection of Human Subjects
1966: NIH Office for Protection of Research Subjects (OPRR) created Policies for the Protection of Human Subjects calling for the establishment of independent review bodies later known as Institutional Review Boards.
References for Part 4. U.S. WWII and Cold War Era Experiments
Part 4. U.S. WWII and Cold War Era Experiments Abstract Discussion [after Algernon B. Reese, M.D] Re: Persistence and Hyperplasia of Primary Vitreous: Retrolental Fibroplasia in Archives of Ophthalmology, Vol 41, May 1949 Manny Bekier. Ethical Considerations of Medical Experimentation on Human Subjects, 2010. John Breeding. Electroshocking Children, 2014. Alan…
1945: Sterilization tally in the USA; in Nazi Germany
1945: “Sterilization of the Insane in the USA” a report in The Lancet based on information published in the Journal of the American Medical Association reported that in the U.S. 77,878 people were sterilized: 20,063 (1907 to 1934); 15,815 (1935–1940); More than 42,000 (1941–1943) California led the pack with over…
1951–1974: Dr. Albert Kligman’s “supermarket” variety of experiments at Holmesburg Prison
From the 1950s through the 70s Holmesburg Prison became the “supermarket” or “kmart” for human medical experiments conducted by Dr. Albert Kligman, a University of Pennsylvania dermatologist. Under his direction hundreds of painful experiments were conducted involving nearly 1,000 inmates. He recalled his first visit to the prison: “All I…