1973: Final Report of Tuskegee Syphilis Study
1973: The Final Report of Tuskegee Syphilis Study concluded: “Society can no longer afford to leave the balancing of individual rights against scientific progress to the scientific community.”
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1950: US Army sprays bacteria over San Francisco
1950: U.S. Army secretly used a Navy ship outside the Golden Gate to spray supposedly harmless bacteria over San Francisco and its outskirts. Eleven people were sickened by the germs, and one of them died.
1961: Stanley Milgram “Obedience to Authority” experiments at Yale
Stanley Milgram, a Yale psychologist, conducted the first of a series of “Obedience to Authority” experiments shortly after the trial of Adolph Eichman, the Nazi criminal tried in Jerusalem for crimes against humanity. Eichman’s defense was, not guilty, claiming that he had merely followed orders. Milgram sought to learn the…
1944: The largest malaria experiment involved 800 prisoners
US Army and State Department funded a crash program to develop new drugs against malaria. The largest single CMR malaria experiment involved 800 prisoners at federal penitentiary in Atlanta, New Jersey State Reformatory and Illinois State Penitentiary. A series of experiments were conducted at Stateville Penitentiary by medical researchers from…
Washington Post_Harvesting China’s Blood_installment 4
Washington Post_Harvesting China’s Blood_installment 4 December 20, 2000. Washington Post. In what is, so far, the most devastating installment in the Washington Post series about the unholly alliances that comprise the booming human research industry, America’s premier academic research center is shown–not only to have violated ethical research standards in…
1966: “Ethics and Clinical Research”
1966: Animal Welfare Act establishes ethical use of laboratory animals in research. There is no law protecting human research subjects from unethical experimentation. 1966: Henry Beecher’s article “Ethics and Clinical Research” in New England Journal of Medicine identified 50 unethical clinical studies. But it would be eight years before a…