Background: In the early part of the twentieth century, radium was a symbol of science, medicine, and

The government began sponsoring total body irradiation (TBI) research in 1942 in connection with the Top Secret

During WWII, hundreds of scientists and technicians working to develop the atomic bomb at Los Alamos were

An exceptionally large-scale radiation exposure experiment at Vanderbilt University was funded by the U.S. Public Health Service

In December of 1993, Scott Allen, a journalist at the Boston Globe, uncovered documents showing years of

U.S. Air Force threw “Radiation bombs” expelled from USAF planes intentionally spread radiation to “unknown distances” endangering

Colonel E.E. Kirkpatrick of the U.S. AEC issues a secret document (07075001, January 8, 1947) stating that

Between1948–1954, 582 Baltimore school children were subjected to radiation in a federally-funded experiment whose stated intent was

In 1950, Dr. Joseph G. Hamilton, a top radiation biologist at the AEC, sent a memo to

Dr. Lester Middlesworth of the University of Tennessee injected 7 newborn babies with radioactive iodine in an

1953: CIA’s Project MK-ULTRA included at least four sub-projects specifically using children; 102, 103, 112, and 117

1953–1957: Oak Ridge-sponsored experiment injected uranium into eleven patients at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in Boston. (ACHRE

1960–1972: University of Cincinnati Medical School researchers led by Dr. Eugene Saenger conducted whole-body radiation experiments on

In 1963, prior to flights into space, scientists were concerned about the effect of space radiation on