1954: Polio Vaccine
1954: Polio vaccine was tested on one million children aged six to nine. In April 1955 the vaccine was deemed “safe and effective” by NIH; the vaccine was hailed as a medical triumph of the 20th century.
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1952–1964: Chester M. Southam, MD, injected live cancer cells into 14 patients and healthy convicts
Chester M. Southam, MD, a noted immunologist at Sloan-Kettering Institute sought to study the human immunity response to cancer. He obtained funding from the government and injected live cancer cells into 14 patients with advanced cancer and into healthy convicts at Ohio State Prison. The study in prisoners was designed…
1947: U.S. Government-Sponsored Human Experiments Disregard Nuremberg Standards
American public health officials and the medical community pretended that the Nuremberg Code did not apply to American medical researchers. The assumption was that the physicians who had conducted heinous experiments had been Nazi doctors in Germany; and they rationalized that most of the rogue doctors had been held accountable…
1950: Two-hundred female prisoners infected with viral hepatitis
1950: Dr. Joseph Stokes of the University of Pennsylvania deliberately infected 200 women prisoners with viral hepatitis. (Acres of Skin, 1998)
1970–71: Birth of American Bioethics
Although its true birth is rooted the revelations at the Doctors Trial at Nuremberg, the birth of American Bioethics is credited to The Hastings Center and Kennedy Institute for Bioethics, Georgetown. “Bioethics was born in scandal” — the unholy trinity of American research travesties: Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital cancer cell…
1966: “Ethics and Clinical Research”
1966: Animal Welfare Act establishes ethical use of laboratory animals in research. There is no law protecting human research subjects from unethical experimentation. 1966: Henry Beecher’s article “Ethics and Clinical Research” in New England Journal of Medicine identified 50 unethical clinical studies. But it would be eight years before a…
Washington Post_Harvesting China’s Blood_installment 4
Washington Post_Harvesting China’s Blood_installment 4 December 20, 2000. Washington Post. In what is, so far, the most devastating installment in the Washington Post series about the unholly alliances that comprise the booming human research industry, America’s premier academic research center is shown–not only to have violated ethical research standards in…