1975–1976: Church Committee Report laid the foundation for NSA surveillance controversy

*1975–1976: Church Committee Report laid the foundation for NSA surveillance controversy The Church Committee investigation was the most far reaching and comprehensive; the Committee interviewed 800 individuals and conducted 250 executive (closed) hearings and 21 public hearings. The Church Committee Report (14 reports in all) provides the most extensive review…

Church Committee confirmed Frank Olson given LSD; White House concealed information

Following the disclosure that Frank Olson had been surreptitiously given LSD, the family met with President Ford who told them that he was “distressed that the family had not previously been told the truth.” They later met with then-CIA Director William Colby, who apologized for any role the agency played…

1976: Gerald Ford Executive Order prohibits non-consensual experiments

Among other matters, it prohibited “experimentation with drugs on human subjects, except with the informed consent, in writing and witnessed by a disinterested third party, of each such human subject and in accordance with the guidelines issued by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects for Biomedical and…

1977: Senate Committee Hearings: CIA’s covert research in behavioral modification

The joint Senate hearings were led by Sen. Edward Kennedy; the focus was Project MK-ULTRA. But the hearings, as John Marks concluded, added little information about CIA’s behavior-control programs. CIA officials (both past and present) who testified adopted the pattern of lying to Congress as they had lied to the…

1980: A lawsuit was filed against the CIA by a former patient of Dr. Ewen Cameron

The first MK-ULTRA mind control lawsuit filed against the CIA was on December 11, 1980. Shortly afterwards another patient of Cameron became a co-plaintiff. Eventually, the number of Canadian plaintiffs was nine. William Casey, the newly appointed director of the CIA ordered the legal staff to delay any court hearings…

1983: CIA “Human Resource Exploitation Training Manual”

This CIA interrogation manual, “Human Resource Exploitation Training Manual” (1983) is an updated version of KUBARK manual (1963) incorporating sections of KUBARK. The 1983 CIA training manual allocates considerable space to the subject of “coercive questioning” and psychological and physical techniques and recommends: “manipulate the subject’s environment to create unpleasant…

“Radium Women” Dial Painters: Unwitting Experimental Subjects, 1920 – 1990

Background: In the early part of the twentieth century, radium was a symbol of science, medicine, and technology; power and wealth. Radium was a luminous vehicle for progress, publicly displayed for a week at the Public Health Exposition in Grand Central in New York (1921) to which medical students, physicians…

1942: Manhattan Project Nuclear Scientists Conduct Total Body Irradiation Experiments

The government began sponsoring total body irradiation (TBI) research in 1942 in connection with the Top Secret Manhattan Project — the nuclear scientists who developed the Atom Bomb. From its inception with the US nuclear program and supporting government policy placed scientific and military advancement far above the safety of…

1945–1947: Eighteen patients were injected with plutonium in AEC experiments

During WWII, hundreds of scientists and technicians working to develop the atomic bomb at Los Alamos were exposed to radioactive substances, including plutonium, whose hazards were not entirely known. Pioneers of nuclear science, such as J. Robert Oppenheimer, Louis Hempelmann, and Stafford Warren, masterminded the experiments from the headquarters they…

1945–1947: Vanderbilt “Nutrition Study” Exposed 820 pregnant women to radioactive iron

An exceptionally large-scale radiation exposure experiment at Vanderbilt University was funded by the U.S. Public Health Service and involved 820 poor pregnant Caucasian women who were given tracer doses of radioactive iron in a “cocktail” drink. The researchers worked with the Tennessee State Department of Health and they did not…