1961: The Manipulation of Human Behavior, a reference book
The book, edited by Albert Biderman and Herbert Zimmer, synthesizing the behavioral science contributions to interrogation techniques. The editors were funded by the U.S. Air Force. Isolation was deemed “the ideal way of ‘breaking down’ a prisoner, because, to the unsophisticated, it seems to create precisely the state the interrogator desires; malleability and the desire to talk, with the added advantage that one can delude himself that he is using no force or coercion.” (Cotton. Journal of Psychohistory, 2013)